Primary Causes of Acid Reflux and GERD
How Acid Reflux Develops
Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows backward into the oesophagus, the tube connecting your mouth to your stomach. Normally, the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) acts as a one-way valve, opening to allow food into the stomach and closing to prevent acid from escaping. When this mechanism fails, stomach contents can reflux upward, causing the characteristic burning sensation known as heartburn.
Anatomical Causes
Several structural issues can contribute to acid reflux. A hiatus hernia, where part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, is one of the most common anatomical causes. This condition affects the LOS's ability to function properly, making reflux more likely. Additionally, pregnancy can temporarily increase reflux symptoms due to hormonal changes and increased abdominal pressure as the baby grows.
Dietary and Lifestyle Triggers
Certain foods and beverages are well-known triggers for acid reflux. Spicy foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, caffeine, and alcohol can all increase stomach acid production or relax the LOS. Eating large meals, lying down soon after eating, or consuming food close to bedtime can also worsen symptoms. Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing GERD, as excess weight puts additional pressure on the stomach.
Medical Conditions and Medications
Various health conditions can increase acid reflux risk, including diabetes, scleroderma, and delayed stomach emptying (gastroparesis). Certain medications, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, some blood pressure medications, and sedatives, may also contribute to reflux symptoms by affecting the LOS or increasing stomach acid production.
Treatment Options Available
Effective acid reflux management often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medication. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like Omeprazole 20mg are among the most effective treatments for reducing stomach acid production. EverydayMeds offers several acid reflux medications, including Omeprazole capsules, Lansoprazole, and Pantoprazole tablets. For those who don't respond well to PPIs, H2 blockers such as Famotidine may provide an alternative approach. These medications work by reducing the amount of acid your stomach produces, allowing the oesophagus to heal and preventing further damage.
