The Science Behind Acid Reflux: Why It Happens
How Your Digestive System Works
To understand what causes acid reflux, it's essential to know how your digestive system functions normally. The lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) acts as a valve between your oesophagus and stomach. When functioning properly, this muscle relaxes to allow food into the stomach, then tightens to prevent stomach acid from flowing back up. Acid reflux occurs when this sphincter weakens or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach acid to escape into the oesophagus.
Common Dietary Triggers
Certain foods and beverages can trigger acid reflux by either relaxing the LES or increasing stomach acid production. Common culprits include fatty or fried foods, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions, garlic, and spicy foods. Carbonated beverages can also increase pressure in the stomach, promoting reflux. Large meals and eating close to bedtime are particularly problematic, as they increase stomach pressure and reduce the effectiveness of gravity in keeping acid down.
Lifestyle and Physical Factors
Several lifestyle factors significantly contribute to acid reflux development. Obesity increases abdominal pressure, pushing stomach contents upward. Smoking weakens the LES and reduces saliva production, which normally helps neutralise acid. Pregnancy can cause reflux due to hormonal changes and increased abdominal pressure. Stress doesn't directly cause reflux but may worsen symptoms by affecting digestion and increasing acid production.
Medical Conditions That Contribute
Various medical conditions can predispose individuals to acid reflux. Hiatus hernia, where part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, is particularly common. Gastroparesis, a condition affecting stomach emptying, can increase reflux risk. Connective tissue disorders like scleroderma may affect oesophageal function. Some people have naturally weak LES muscles or abnormal oesophageal contractions that contribute to reflux.
Medications and Acid Reflux
Certain medications can worsen acid reflux symptoms. NSAIDs like ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining and affect the LES. Calcium channel blockers, used for blood pressure, may relax the LES. Other medications including some antidepressants, asthma medications, and sedatives can contribute to reflux. It's important to discuss these effects with healthcare providers, who may recommend alternatives or additional treatments.
Treatment Options Available
When lifestyle modifications aren't sufficient, medications can effectively manage acid reflux. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like omeprazole are often first-line treatments, reducing stomach acid production for up to 24 hours. EverydayMeds offers various PPI options including Omeprazole 20mg capsules, Lansoprazole 15mg capsules, and Pantoprazole 20mg tablets. Alternative treatments include H2 blockers like famotidine, which work differently to reduce acid production. For immediate relief, antacids can neutralise existing stomach acid, though they provide shorter-lasting effects than prescription medications.
